Macbeth: Act 3, Scene 6
Enter LENNOX and another LORD.
LENNOX
1-2. My ... further: what I have just said has exactly coincided with your thoughts, and so you can draw more conclusions about my opinions. Lennox proceeds to deliver a bitterly ironic speech which is easy to "interpret further." 3. borne: carried on. 4. pitied of Macbeth: pitied by Macbeth. marry, he was dead: indeed, he was dead. The ironic point is that Macbeth pitied Duncan only after Duncan was dead.
1
My former speeches have but hit your thoughts,
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Which can interpret further: only, I say,
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Things have been strangely borne. The gracious Duncan
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Was pitied of Macbeth; marry, he was dead.
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And the right-valiant Banquo walk'd too late,
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Whom, you may say, if't please you, Fleance kill'd,
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For Fleance fled. Men must not walk too late.
8. Who cannot want the thought: who can help thinking.
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Who cannot want the thought how monstrous
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It was for Malcolm and for Donalbain
10. fact: deed, crime.
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To kill their gracious father? damned fact!
11. straight: immediately.
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How it did grieve Macbeth! did he not straight
12. pious: loyal.
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In pious rage the two delinquents tear,
13. thralls: captives.
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That were the slaves of drink and thralls of sleep?
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Was not that nobly done? Ay, and wisely too;
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For 'twould have anger'd any heart alive
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To hear the men deny't. So that, I say,
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He has borne all things well: and I do think
18. under his key: i.e., in his custody.
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That had he Duncan's sons under his key
19. an't please heaven: if it please heaven. 19-20.they should ... father i.e., they would discover the terrible consequences of killing one's father. 21-23. But, peace! ... disgrace: i.e., but we should be silent, considering what happened to Macduff, who only because he used some plain language and failed to show up at the tyrant's feast, livesI hearin disgrace.
19
As, an't please heaven, he shall notthey should find
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What 'twere to kill a father; so should Fleance.
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But, peace! for from broad words and 'cause he fail'd
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His presence at the tyrant's feast, I hear
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Macduff lives in disgrace: sir, can you tell
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Where he bestows himself?
Lord
24. son of Duncan: i.e., Malcolm, Duncan's eldest son.
The son of Duncan,
25. From whom ... holds the due of birth: withholds his birthright [i.e., Malcolm's claim to the throne of Scotland].
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From whom this tyrant holds the due of birth
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Lives in the English court, and is received
27. Of: by. the most pious Edward i.e., Edward the Confessor, who was canonized as a saint by the Catholic church. grace: favor. 28-29. the malevolence ... respect: i.e., mere bad luck [the fact that Macbeth has deprived Malcolm of the throne of Scotland] takes away nothing from the high respect shown to Malcolm. 30-31. to pray ... Siward: to implore the holy king, in order to aid Malcolm, to call to arms Northumberland and warlike Siward. 34. meat: food.
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Of the most pious Edward with such grace
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That the malevolence of fortune nothing
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Takes from his high respect. Thither Macduff
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Is gone to pray the holy king, upon his aid
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To wake Northumberland and warlike Siward,
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That, by the help of thesewith Him above
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To ratify the workwe may again
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Give to our tables meat, sleep to our nights,
35. Free ... knives: free our feasts and banquets from bloody knives. 36. faithful: sincere. free i.e., freely given. Macbeth has instituted a reign of fear, so that every honor he bestows is earned by kneeling to him. 37. this report: i.e., the news that Malcolm has been welcomed in the English king's court, and may be supported by English forces. 38. Hath so exasperate the king: has so angered and alarmed Macbeth. 39. Sent he to Macduff?: i.e., Did he request the presence of Macduff [to assist him in his preparations for war against the Malcolm and the English].
35
Free from our feasts and banquets bloody knives,
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Do faithful homage and receive free honours:
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All which we pine for now. And this report
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Hath so exasperate the king that he
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Prepares for some attempt of war.
LENNOX
Sent he to Macduff?
Lord
40-41. and with an absolute "Sir, not I," / The cloudy messenger turns me his back: i.e., and in response to Macduff's blunt "Sir, not I," the scowling messenger [from Macbeth] turns his back. The "me" in "turns me his back" adds the sense of "I can see it now." The messenger has to go back with bad news, but Macbeth doesn't like bad news. 43. clogs: encumbers. Clogs were ankle cuffs that prevented prisoners from running away. 43-45.And that ... provide and that [the messenger's reaction] might well teach him [Macduff] to be cautious, to keep [the longest] distance [between himself and Macbeth] he can possibly devise. 46-47. Fly ... come: fly to the English court and reveal his [Macduff's] message before he arrives. 48. this ... accursed: this, our country, which suffers under an accursed hand.
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He did; and with an absolute "Sir, not I,"
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The cloudy messenger turns me his back,
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And hums, as who should say "You'll rue the time
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That clogs me with this answer."
LENNOX
And that well might
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Advise him to a caution, to hold what distance
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His wisdom can provide. Some holy angel
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Fly to the court of England and unfold
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His message ere he come, that a swift blessing
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May soon return to this our suffering country
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Under a hand accursed!
Lord
I'll send my prayers with him.
Exeunt